@article{Bauer_2015, title={Essay Review: Psychiatry Declares Consciousness an Illusion. Manufacturing Depression: The Secret History of a Modern Disease by Gary Greenberg}, volume={29}, url={https://journalofscientificexploration.org/index.php/jse/article/view/866}, abstractNote={<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:DocumentProperties> <o:Version>14.00</o:Version> </o:DocumentProperties> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG /> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]-->Of course psychiatry is not asserting explicitly that consciousness is just an illusion; but Gary Greenberg demonstrates that this assertion underlies implicitly what has become standard psychiatric practice: the dispensing of pills to treat purported mental illness. So the title of this book does not do justice to the depth and breadth of its contents. Still, &ldquo;depression&rdquo; is the book&rsquo;s explicit focus throughout.<br />History illustrates that the task of defining mental illness in general is impossible: What are the criteria for distinguishing frank &ldquo;illness&rdquo; from &ldquo;normal&rdquo; eccentricity and the huge range of human behavior under different social and environmental circumstances? The sociologist David Rosenhan showed&mdash;through an undoubtedly unethical experiment&mdash;that diagnosing schizophrenia (for example) is highly fallible, and that normal behavior is not recognized as non-pathological once such a diagnosis has been rendered (pp. 41&ndash;42). The obvious inference is catastrophic for the profession: &ldquo;What kind of doctor doesn&rsquo;t know the difference between sickness and health?&rdquo; (p. 237). Homosexuality was officially said to be a mental disorder until 1973; since then it is not. Even as the <em>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</em> (<em>DSM</em>) offers elaborately detailed guidance, psychiatrists often disagree over the diagnosis to be assigned in any given instance (e.g., pp. 234&ndash;236). 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